A new study has found that placenta abnormalities could be the reason for miscarriages. In the United States, there are approximately 5 million pregnancies per year with 1 million ending in a miscarriage and over 20,000 ending in stillbirth, according to a paper published in the journal Reproductive Sciences. “To have a pregnancy loss is a tragedy. To be told there is no explanation adds tremendous pain for these loss families,” said senior author of the paper and research scientist at Yale School of Medicine, Dr Harvey Kliman “Our goal was to expand the current classification systems to decrease the number of cases that remained unspecified.” For the study, researchers worked to create a classification system for miscarriages based on a test that examines a sample of the body’s tissues – known as pathologic examination. The team looked at a series of 1,527 single-child pregnancies that ended in miscarriage, and the data was then sent to Yale for evaluation. After excluding cases without adequate material for examination, 1,256 placentas from 922 patients were examined. Of these, 70 per cent were miscarriages and 30 per cent were stillbirths. By adding the explicit categories of “placenta with abnormal development” (dysmorphic placentas) and “small placenta” (a placenta less than the 10th percentile for gestational age) to other incidents such as cord accident, abruption, thrombotic, and infection – researchers were able to determine the results of 91.6 per cent of the pregnancies, including 88.5 per cent of the miscarriages and 98.7 per cent of the stillbirths. The most common results for unexplained miscarriages were dysmorphic placentas (placenta with abnormal development) which was around 86.2 per cent. For stillbirths, there was 33.9 per cent due to a small placenta. “This work suggests that the over 7,000 small placentas per year associated with stillbirths could have been detected in utero — flagging those pregnancies as high risk prior to the loss,” said Dr Kliman. “Likewise, the identification of dysmorphic placentas may be one way to potentially identify genetic abnormalities in the almost 1 million miscarriages that occur in our country every year.” He said having a definite explanation “for a pregnancy loss helps the family understand that their loss was not their fault, allows them to start the healing process, and, when possible, prevent similar losses — especially stillbirths — from occurring in the future.” When asked what the most effective way might be to prevent stillbirths, Dr Kliman responded, “Measure the placenta!” Read More 'Please, keep beating little heart': Man gives raw account of wife's miscarriage and fears for new unborn child Woman who had six miscarriages celebrates pregnancy with rainbow baby photoshoot Miscarriage: The loneliest grief of all Nearly a fifth of parents fear children will ignore health issues while at university Brits feel their mental health declining due to cost of living crisis How often should you wash your pyjamas?

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It’s all about retro vibes in the footwear department this season, with Nineties and Noughties trends getting a new lease of life. And whether you want comfy slides for walking, high heels for partying or something in between, there’s a sandal for every occasion. From chunky to dainty, here are five sandal styles to accessorise your summer outfits… 1. Cork soles Part of the catwalk trend for all things au naturel, cork platforms are back and they go perfectly with this season’s crochet and mesh beach dresses. Team super-high cork sandals or wedges with faded mom jeans, or Seventies-style flares and a breezy white top for a cool city look. Dune London Jealous Gold Cork-Platform Sandals, £100 Hush Puppies Blush Poppy Slide Sandals, £95 2. Studded sandals Give cute and colourful outfits a high fashion edge with designer-inspired studded sandals. Keep it classic with brown or black leather – these trendy flats will become your go-to all summer long. La Redoute Leather Wedge Heel Sandals with Studded Details, £88 Studio Studded Tan Sandals, £9 (were £30) 3. Espadrilles Espadrilles never really go out of style – and this season they’ve got the designer seal of approval, with Stella McCartney, Gucci and Loewe all creating luxe versions for spring/summer 2023. Opt for low-heeled espadrilles to team with casual shorts and skirts, or chunky wedges for a ‘quiet luxury’ look. Gaimo Flat Ankle Tie Sandals Natural, £60, Office (clothing, stylist’s own) New Look Gold Faux Snake Metallic Espadrille Wedge Sandals, £37.99 Bobbies Cleo Espadrille Wedges in Lemon Curd, £180 4. Gladiator sandals Part of the 2000s revival, multi-strap gladiator sandals are back in a big way this season, but with a more minimalist feel than in previous years. Choose from chunky black leather flatforms for everyday wear, or holiday-ready raffia gladiators. Manebi Black & Natural Raffia Gladiator Sandals, £135, Oliver Bonas Deichmann Catwalk Ladies Black Gladiator Zip Sandals, £34.99 5. Green sandals From handbags to heels, green accessories are all the rage right now. Create a cool colour clash by pairing emerald heels with a pink dress, or go for a Nineties palette with lime green and tangerine orange. Tu at Sainsbury’s Lime Twisted Strap Flat Sandals, £17 Monsoon Barely There Leather Heel Sandals Green, currently £34.50 (previously £69) Read More Charity boss speaks out over ‘traumatic’ encounter with royal aide Ukraine war’s heaviest fight rages in east - follow live 6 triggers asthma sufferers should watch out for this summer Imposter syndrome – what is it and why does Kim Kardashian have it? The best TV shows, books and podcasts about Windrush

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Recently, when a friend asked me which manicure she should get, I drew a blank. From milk bath nails to the structured gel manicure, we’re spoiled for choice when it comes to trends and techniques, and whittling it down to just one feels impossible. Looking back through the archives, though, it’s clear that this year’s most talked-about manicures have one thing in common: they’re often specific to a place or country.

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Sunscreen? Check. Hat? Check. Sunnies? With Quay‘s early Labor Day sale, double-check. While we might be saying bye-bye to summer, the sun definitely isn’t going anywhere anytime soon. Whether you’re planning to spend the last official long weekend of the season at the beach, the pool, or at home scrolling through all the endless sales, sunglasses are never a miss. Quay — the Australian brand with some of the trendiest (and most top-rated) sunnies out there — is giving Refinery29 readers early access to its Labor Day sale. Starting today, buy one pair and get one free sitewide with the promo code QUAYR29 at checkout. This limited-time sale includes all of the brand’s styles with only a few exceptions: Name Drop, Show Biz, Center Stage, Vice Versa, and Front Cover. Amidst all these stylish and chic sunnies though, it’s hard to choose just two; that’s why we’ve broken it down by style below with our top picks for each. You’re welcome.